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Career List Podiatrists
Career Counselling/Overview

### Career Overview: Podiatrist
**Education and Training Required:**
To become a podiatrist, you typically need to complete the following educational steps:
1. **Undergraduate Degree:** A bachelor’s degree is required, usually with a focus in biology, chemistry, or health sciences.
2. **Podiatric Medical School:** After obtaining your undergraduate degree, you must attend a podiatric medical school, which typically lasts four years. You will earn a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree.
3. **Residency Training:** After graduating from podiatric medical school, you must complete a residency program, which usually lasts 2-3 years, where you will receive hands-on training in various aspects of podiatric medicine.
4. **Licensure:** Following your training, you must pass national and state examinations to become licensed to practice as a podiatrist.
**Typical Job Duties and Responsibilities:**
Podiatrists are responsible for diagnosing and treating conditions related to the feet, ankles, and lower extremities. Their typical duties include:
– Conducting physical examinations of patients’ feet and lower limbs.
– Diagnosing conditions such as bunions, heel pain, and diabetic foot issues.
– Performing surgical procedures when necessary.
– Prescribing medications and recommending therapies.
– Providing education on foot care and preventive measures.
**Earning Potential:**
– **Short Term:** Entry-level podiatrists can expect to earn a salary ranging from $80,000 to $100,000 annually, depending on location and practice setting.
– **Long Term:** With experience, podiatrists can earn upwards of $150,000 to $250,000 or more annually. Specialization in areas like surgery or sports medicine can further increase earning potential.
**Opportunities for Career Advancement:**
Podiatrists can advance their careers by:
– Specializing in specific areas (e.g., podiatric surgery, sports medicine).
– Becoming involved in teaching or research.
– Opening their own practice or joining larger healthcare organizations.
– Taking on administrative roles within healthcare settings.
**Challenges Facing Podiatrists:**
– **Patient Management:** Dealing with patients who may not follow treatment plans can be challenging. Podiatrists can overcome this by improving communication and education.
– **Physical Demands:** The job can be physically taxing. Podiatrists should focus on maintaining their own physical health and utilizing ergonomic practices.
– **Insurance Issues:** Navigating

Overview

Podiatrists are healthcare professionals who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders and injuries related to the foot, ankle, and lower extremities. They are also known as foot doctors or podiatric physicians.
Podiatrists typically provide a wide range of services, including conducting physical exams, ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests such as X-rays and MRIs, prescribing medications, performing surgical procedures, and providing orthotic devices to address foot and ankle issues.
Common conditions that podiatrists treat include bunions, corns, calluses, ingrown toenails, heel pain, flat feet, plantar fasciitis, diabetic foot ulcers, and sports-related injuries. They may work in private practices, hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare settings.
To become a podiatrist, individuals must complete a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree from an accredited podiatric medical school and obtain a state license to practice. Podiatrists may also choose to pursue additional certifications or specialize in areas such as sports medicine, wound care, or surgery.
Overall, podiatrists play a crucial role in helping individuals maintain healthy feet and mobility, which are essential for overall well-being and quality of life.

Career Category

Health & Medical

Career Type

High-Demand Careers

Fun Fact

Here are some fun facts about the career of podiatrists:
1. Podiatrists are medical professionals who specialize in treating conditions and disorders of the foot, ankle, and lower extremities.
2. Podiatrists can perform surgery, prescribe medications, and provide various treatments for foot and ankle problems.
3. Podiatrists often work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and primary care physicians.
4. Podiatrists can help athletes improve their performance by addressing foot and ankle issues that may be affecting their ability to move and perform.
5. Podiatrists play a crucial role in helping people with diabetes manage their foot health and prevent complications such as ulcers and infections.
6. Podiatrists are highly trained professionals who must complete a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree and pass licensing exams to practice.
7. Podiatrists have a diverse range of patients, from children with developmental foot issues to elderly individuals with arthritis-related foot problems.
8. Podiatrists can work in various settings, including private practices, hospitals, sports medicine clinics, and nursing homes.
9. Podiatrists often have a passion for helping people improve their quality of life by addressing foot and ankle issues that can impact mobility and overall well-being.
10. Podiatrists are essential members of the healthcare team, providing specialized care for a wide range of foot and ankle conditions.

Educational Requirements

To become a podiatrist, one must complete the following education and training requirements:
1. Obtain a Bachelor’s degree: Aspiring podiatrists typically need to complete a Bachelor’s degree in a relevant field such as biology, chemistry, or a related science.
2. Complete a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) program: After obtaining a Bachelor’s degree, individuals must complete a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) program from an accredited podiatric medical school. This program typically takes four years to complete.
3. Obtain a state license: After completing a DPM program, individuals must pass the national licensing exam administered by the American Podiatric Medical Licensing Examination (APMLE) to obtain a state license to practice as a podiatrist.
4. Complete a residency program: Podiatrists are required to complete a residency program, which typically lasts 2-3 years. During the residency, podiatrists receive specialized training in podiatric medicine and surgery under the supervision of experienced podiatrists.
5. Obtain board certification: Podiatrists have the option to become board certified by the American Board of Podiatric Medicine or the American Board of Foot and Ankle Surgery. While board certification is not mandatory, it demonstrates a podiatrist’s commitment to excellence and ongoing education in the field.
Overall, becoming a podiatrist requires a significant amount of education and training, including completing a Bachelor’s degree, a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine program, a residency program, and obtaining a state license and potentially board certification.

Key Responsibilities

Key Responsibilities and Job Duties of a Podiatrist:
1. Diagnosing and treating foot, ankle, and lower leg disorders: Podiatrists are responsible for examining patients to diagnose issues such as fractures, sprains, infections, and other foot-related conditions.
2. Developing treatment plans: After diagnosing a patient’s condition, podiatrists create customized treatment plans that may include medication, physical therapy, orthotics, or surgery.
3. Performing surgical procedures: Podiatrists are trained to perform surgical procedures to correct foot and ankle issues, such as removing bunions, repairing fractures, or addressing deformities.
4. Prescribing medications: Podiatrists may prescribe medications to manage pain, treat infections, or reduce inflammation in their patients.
5. Providing preventive care: Podiatrists educate patients on proper foot care techniques, recommend appropriate footwear, and offer advice on preventing future foot problems.
6. Collaborating with other healthcare professionals: Podiatrists often work closely with other healthcare providers, such as orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and primary care physicians, to ensure comprehensive care for their patients.
7. Maintaining accurate medical records: Podiatrists are responsible for keeping detailed and accurate records of their patients’ medical history, examinations, diagnoses, and treatment plans.
8. Continuing education: Podiatrists must stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in podiatric medicine through ongoing education and training to provide the best possible care for their patients.
9. Managing a podiatry practice: For podiatrists in private practice, responsibilities may also include managing administrative tasks, overseeing staff, and ensuring compliance with healthcare regulations.
Overall, podiatrists play a crucial role in helping patients maintain healthy feet and mobility, improving their quality of life through expert diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care.

Average Salary Range

The earning potential for Podiatrists can vary depending on factors such as location, experience, and type of employment.
In the short term, entry-level Podiatrists can expect to earn an average salary of around $60,000 to $100,000 per year. As they gain more experience and build their reputation, their earnings can increase to an average of $100,000 to $150,000 per year in the mid-term.
In the long term, experienced and established Podiatrists have the potential to earn even higher salaries, ranging from $150,000 to $200,000 or more per year. Those who specialize in certain areas or open their own practices may have the opportunity to earn even more.
It’s important to note that these figures are approximate and can vary based on individual circumstances.

Career Path & Progression

Career Path & Progression for Podiatrists:
1. Education: To become a podiatrist, you need to complete a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree from an accredited podiatric medical school. This typically takes 4 years to complete after earning a bachelor’s degree.
2. Residency: After completing the DPM program, podiatrists usually complete a 3-year residency program to gain hands-on experience in a clinical setting.
3. Licensure: Podiatrists must be licensed in the state where they practice. This usually involves passing the American Podiatric Medical Licensing Exam (APMLE).
4. Specialization: Podiatrists can choose to specialize in areas such as sports medicine, wound care, diabetic foot care, or surgery. Specializing can open up opportunities for career advancement and higher salaries.
5. Certification: Podiatrists can pursue board certification in a specialized area of podiatry through the American Board of Podiatric Medicine or the American Board of Podiatric Surgery.
Opportunities for Career Advancement in Podiatry:
1. Opening a Private Practice: Many podiatrists eventually open their own private practice, which allows for greater autonomy and potential for higher earnings.
2. Academic or Research Positions: Podiatrists can pursue teaching or research positions at universities, medical schools, or research institutions.
3. Hospital or Clinic Leadership: Podiatrists can advance to leadership positions within hospitals, clinics, or healthcare organizations.
4. Continuing Education: Staying current with the latest advancements in podiatry through continuing education courses and certifications can lead to career advancement opportunities.
5. Networking: Building a strong professional network within the podiatric community can lead to opportunities for collaboration, mentorship, and career growth.
Overall, podiatry offers a diverse range of career opportunities and paths for advancement, allowing podiatrists to continually grow and develop their skills throughout their careers.

Biggest challenges facing people in this career

One of the biggest challenges facing Podiatrists is the long and rigorous education and training required to become licensed in the field. To overcome this challenge, individuals pursuing a career in Podiatry should be prepared for the commitment and dedication needed to complete the necessary education and training. They can break down the process into smaller, manageable goals and seek support from mentors or study groups to stay motivated.
Another challenge for Podiatrists is the physical demands of the job, as they often spend long hours on their feet performing procedures and working with patients. To overcome this challenge, it is important for Podiatrists to prioritize self-care, including proper posture, regular exercise, and taking breaks to rest and recharge. They can also invest in ergonomic equipment and tools to reduce strain on their bodies.
Additionally, building a successful Podiatry practice or finding employment in a competitive job market can be challenging. To overcome this, individuals can network with other healthcare professionals, participate in continuing education opportunities to stay current in the field, and consider specializing in a niche area of Podiatry to stand out to potential employers or patients.
Overall, overcoming these challenges in a career as a Podiatrist requires dedication, self-care, ongoing learning, and strategic career planning.

Best ways to gain experience

To gain experience and build a network in the field of Podiatry, here are some effective strategies:
1. **Internships and Shadowing**: Seek out opportunities to shadow experienced podiatrists in their clinics or hospitals. This hands-on experience will provide valuable insight into the day-to-day responsibilities of a podiatrist.
2. **Volunteer Work**: Consider volunteering at healthcare facilities, community clinics, or events related to foot health. This will not only allow you to gain experience but also expand your network within the healthcare industry.
3. **Professional Organizations**: Join professional organizations such as the American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA) or the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (ACFAS). These organizations often host conferences, workshops, and networking events that can help you connect with established podiatrists.
4. **Networking Events**: Attend networking events, seminars, and conferences related to podiatry. These events provide an excellent opportunity to meet and connect with professionals in the field.
5. **Online Platforms**: Join online platforms such as LinkedIn to connect with podiatrists and other healthcare professionals. Engage in discussions, share relevant articles, and participate in online forums to build your online presence.
6. **Continuing Education**: Stay updated on the latest advancements in podiatry by attending continuing education courses and workshops. This will not only enhance your knowledge but also help you connect with experts in the field.
7. **Mentorship Programs**: Seek out mentorship opportunities with experienced podiatrists who can provide guidance, advice, and support as you navigate your career path.
By actively engaging in these strategies, you can gain valuable experience and build a strong network within the field of podiatry, which can ultimately help you advance in your career.

Job Outlook

Currently, job prospects for Podiatrists are quite promising. As the population continues to age, the demand for foot and ankle care is expected to increase. Additionally, the rise in chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity also contributes to the need for podiatric services.
In the future, job prospects for Podiatrists are expected to remain favorable. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 10% growth in employment for Podiatrists from 2020 to 2030, which is faster than the average for all occupations. As more people seek specialized care for foot and ankle issues, the demand for Podiatrists is likely to continue to grow.
Overall, the outlook for Podiatrists appears to be positive, with ample opportunities for those interested in pursuing a career in this field.

Required Skills

To succeed as a Podiatrist, individuals should possess the following skills and qualities:
1. Analytical skills: Ability to diagnose and treat various foot and ankle conditions by analyzing symptoms and medical history.
2. Problem-solving skills: Capable of identifying issues related to foot health and developing effective treatment plans.
3. Communication skills: Strong communication skills to interact with patients, explain diagnoses and treatment options clearly, and work effectively with other healthcare professionals.
4. Attention to detail: Precision and thoroughness in conducting examinations, performing procedures, and documenting patient information accurately.
5. Dexterity: Good hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills for performing delicate foot surgeries and procedures.
6. Empathy and compassion: Ability to understand and empathize with patients’ concerns, providing emotional support and creating a comfortable environment.
7. Physical stamina: Endurance to stand for long periods and perform physically demanding tasks during surgeries or treatments.
8. Critical thinking: Ability to evaluate different treatment options, assess their potential outcomes, and make informed decisions for the best patient care.
9. Continuous learning: Commitment to staying updated on the latest advancements in podiatric medicine and techniques through ongoing education and training.
10. Business acumen: Understanding of the business side of running a podiatry practice, including managing finances, marketing services, and maintaining a professional reputation.

Career demand

Podiatrists are in demand in various sectors and industries, including:
1. Healthcare sector: Podiatrists are primarily employed in hospitals, clinics, and healthcare facilities to diagnose and treat foot and ankle problems. There is a growing demand for podiatrists in this sector due to the increasing prevalence of foot-related conditions and injuries.
2. Sports medicine: Podiatrists play a crucial role in helping athletes prevent and treat foot and ankle injuries. They work closely with sports teams, fitness centers, and sports medicine clinics to provide specialized care to athletes.
3. Orthopedic clinics: Podiatrists are also in demand in orthopedic clinics where they collaborate with orthopedic surgeons and other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care for patients with foot and ankle issues.
4. Podiatry clinics: Many podiatrists choose to open their private practices or work in podiatry clinics to provide specialized care to patients with various foot problems such as bunions, corns, calluses, and ingrown toenails.
5. Geriatric care: With the aging population, there is an increasing demand for podiatrists in geriatric care settings such as nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and senior centers to provide foot care services for elderly individuals.
6. Research and academia: Some podiatrists choose to pursue careers in research and academia, working in universities, research institutions, and medical schools to advance the field of podiatry through research and education.
Overall, podiatrists are in demand across various sectors where foot and ankle care is required, making it a promising career choice for individuals interested in this field.

Training & Certification

To become a Podiatrist, individuals typically need to complete the following training and certifications to stand out in the field:
1. Bachelor’s Degree: Start by earning a bachelor’s degree in a related field such as biology, chemistry, or a health-related science.
2. Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) Degree: Complete a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree from an accredited podiatric medical school. This program usually takes 4 years to complete.
3. Residency Program: After completing the DPM degree, aspiring podiatrists must undergo a residency program, which typically lasts 2-3 years. This provides hands-on training in a clinical setting.
4. State Licensure: Podiatrists must be licensed to practice in the state where they intend to work. Licensing requirements vary by state but typically involve passing the American Podiatric Medical Licensing Exam (APMLE).
5. Board Certification: While not always required, obtaining board certification from the American Board of Podiatric Medicine or the American Board of Podiatric Surgery can demonstrate a higher level of expertise and dedication to the field.
6. Continuing Education: Podiatrists should participate in continuing education courses and workshops to stay current with the latest advancements in podiatric medicine and maintain their licensure.
By completing these training programs and certifications, aspiring podiatrists can stand out in the field and demonstrate their commitment to providing quality foot and ankle care to patients.

Work Environment

As a career counsellor for students interested in becoming podiatrists, it’s important to understand the work environment they can expect. Podiatrists typically work in comfortable medical offices, clinics, hospitals, and sometimes even in patients’ homes. The work environment is usually clean and well-lit to allow for proper examination and treatment of patients’ feet and lower limbs.
Podiatrists may spend a significant amount of time on their feet, moving around to work with patients or standing during surgical procedures. They may also need to use specialized equipment and tools to diagnose and treat various foot and ankle conditions.
In addition to clinical settings, podiatrists may also work in research institutions, universities, or sports medicine facilities. They may collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and primary care physicians, to provide comprehensive care to patients.
Overall, the work environment of podiatrists is professional, patient-focused, and often involves a mix of hands-on patient care, administrative tasks, and collaboration with other healthcare professionals.

Industry Sectors

The Industry Sectors of the career Podiatrists include:
1. Healthcare
2. Medical Services
3. Podiatry Clinics
4. Hospitals
5. Private Practice

Top Companies

Some of the top companies that hire Podiatrists include:
1. Kaiser Permanente
2. Mayo Clinic
3. Cleveland Clinic
4. Johns Hopkins Medicine
5. HCA Healthcare
6. Veterans Health Administration
7. Tenet Healthcare
8. Sutter Health
9. NYU Langone Health
10. Mount Sinai Health System
These organizations often have job openings for Podiatrists in their hospitals, clinics, and healthcare facilities.

Tools & Technologies

Tools and Technologies for Podiatrists may include:
1. X-ray machines
2. Ultrasound machines
3. Electronic medical record (EMR) systems
4. Gait analysis systems
5. Orthotic design software
6. Laser therapy equipment
7. Surgical instruments
8. Diagnostic tools such as Doppler ultrasound and nerve conduction tests
9. Pressure mapping systems
10. Foot scanning technology
These tools and technologies are used by podiatrists to diagnose and treat various foot and ankle conditions, as well as to provide orthotic and surgical interventions.

Related Careers

1. Orthopedic Surgeon
2. Physical Therapist
3. Sports Medicine Physician
4. Chiropractor
5. Orthotist/Prosthetist
6. Orthopedic Nurse
7. Athletic Trainer
8. Orthopedic Physician Assistant
9. Foot and Ankle Surgeon
10. Podiatric Nurse

Internship Opportunities

Internship opportunities for students interested in becoming podiatrists may include:
1. Shadowing a podiatrist: Students can observe and assist a practicing podiatrist in their clinic or hospital setting to gain hands-on experience and insight into the daily responsibilities of the profession.
2. Research internship: Students can intern at a research institution or university conducting research related to podiatry, such as foot and ankle biomechanics, diabetic foot care, or sports medicine.
3. Hospital internship: Students can intern at a hospital or medical center working alongside podiatrists in various departments, such as orthopedics, wound care, or surgery.
4. Foot care clinic internship: Students can intern at a foot care clinic or specialized podiatry practice to learn about common foot conditions, treatment options, and patient care.
5. Community health internship: Students can intern at a community health center or nonprofit organization that focuses on providing foot care services to underserved populations, such as the elderly or homeless individuals.
These internship opportunities can provide valuable hands-on experience, networking opportunities, and a deeper understanding of the field of podiatry for students interested in pursuing a career as a podiatrist.

Remote Work Potential

The remote work potential for Podiatrists is quite limited due to the hands-on nature of their work. Podiatrists typically need to physically examine and treat patients in person, which makes it challenging to perform their duties remotely. However, there may be some aspects of their work that can be done remotely, such as administrative tasks, patient consultations via telemedicine, or research activities. Overall, while some aspects of the job may be adaptable to remote work, the core responsibilities of a Podiatrist require in-person interaction with patients.

Challenges & Rewards

**Challenges:**
1. **Extensive Education and Training:** Becoming a podiatrist requires completing a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree, which involves several years of rigorous academic and clinical training.
2. **High Level of Responsibility:** Podiatrists are responsible for diagnosing and treating a wide range of foot and ankle conditions, which can be challenging and require a high level of expertise.
3. **Physical Demands:** The job of a podiatrist can be physically demanding, as it often involves long hours of standing and performing procedures that require dexterity and precision.
4. **Dealing with Patients:** Some patients may be anxious or resistant to treatment, which can be emotionally challenging for podiatrists.
**Rewards:**
1. **Helping Others:** One of the most rewarding aspects of being a podiatrist is the opportunity to help improve the quality of life for patients by treating their foot and ankle conditions.
2. **Variety of Work:** Podiatrists work with a diverse range of patients and conditions, providing a varied and interesting work environment.
3. **Job Stability:** There is a growing demand for podiatrists due to the increasing prevalence of foot and ankle problems, providing good job security.
4. **Autonomy:** Podiatrists often have the opportunity to run their own practices or work independently, allowing for a high level of autonomy in their work.

How to Get Started

To become a podiatrist, one typically needs to follow these steps:
1. Obtain a Bachelor’s Degree: Start by completing a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field such as biology, chemistry, or pre-medicine. Make sure to take courses in anatomy, physiology, and other related sciences.
2. Complete Podiatric Medical School: After obtaining a bachelor’s degree, aspiring podiatrists must attend a podiatric medical school to earn a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree. This typically takes four years to complete.
3. Gain Clinical Experience: During podiatric medical school, students will have the opportunity to gain hands-on clinical experience through internships, rotations, and residencies in podiatric clinics and hospitals.
4. Obtain Licensure: After completing podiatric medical school, graduates must pass the American Podiatric Medical Licensing Exam (APMLE) to become licensed to practice as a podiatrist in their state.
5. Consider Specialization: Podiatrists can choose to specialize in areas such as sports medicine, surgery, diabetic foot care, or pediatrics. Pursuing a residency or fellowship in a specialized field can enhance career opportunities.
6. Obtain Certification: While certification is not always required, becoming board certified by the American Board of Podiatric Medicine or the American Board of Foot and Ankle Surgery can demonstrate expertise and enhance credibility in the field.
7. Stay Current: Continuing education is essential for podiatrists to stay current with advancements in the field and maintain their licensure. Attend conferences, workshops, and seminars to expand knowledge and skills.
By following these steps and gaining relevant experience, aspiring podiatrists can start a successful career in this specialized field of medicine.

Famous Personalities

Some famous and distinguished Podiatrists include: Dr. William M. Scholl, Dr. Emily Splichal, Dr. Howard Dananberg, Dr. Jacqueline Sutera, Dr. Suzanne Levine

Global Opportunities

Podiatrists have global opportunities to work in various settings such as hospitals, clinics, sports medicine facilities, rehabilitation centers, and private practices. They can also explore opportunities to work in research institutions, universities, and public health organizations around the world. Podiatrists can choose to specialize in areas such as diabetic foot care, sports medicine, pediatrics, or surgery, which can open up additional global opportunities. Additionally, with the increasing focus on foot health and wellness worldwide, podiatrists have the chance to contribute to community health initiatives and outreach programs in different countries. Overall, podiatrists have the flexibility to practice their profession internationally and make a positive impact on individuals’ foot health globally.

Common misconceptions people have about this career

Common misconceptions people have about the career of podiatrists include:
1. **Misconception**: Podiatrists are only concerned with cutting toenails.
**Reality**: While podiatrists do provide basic foot care such as trimming toenails, their scope of practice is much broader. They also diagnose and treat various foot and ankle conditions such as sports injuries, diabetic foot care, foot deformities, and more.
2. **Misconception**: Podiatrists are not real doctors.
**Reality**: Podiatrists are doctors who specialize in the treatment of foot and ankle conditions. They complete extensive medical training, including a doctoral degree in podiatric medicine, followed by residency training. They are licensed healthcare professionals who can perform surgery, prescribe medication, and provide comprehensive care for foot-related issues.
3. **Misconception**: Podiatrists only treat elderly patients.
**Reality**: Podiatrists treat patients of all ages, from children to the elderly. Foot problems can affect people at any stage of life, and podiatrists are trained to address a wide range of issues across different age groups.
4. **Misconception**: Podiatry is a low-paying profession.
**Reality**: Podiatry is a well-compensated profession with competitive salaries. Podiatrists can work in various settings such as private practice, hospitals, clinics, and sports medicine facilities, allowing for different income opportunities.
5. **Misconception**: Podiatrists can only treat common foot problems.
**Reality**: Podiatrists are skilled in treating a wide array of foot and ankle conditions, ranging from routine issues like ingrown toenails to complex surgeries such as reconstructive foot surgery. They can also provide preventive care, orthotic management, and rehabilitation services.